What is cerebral palsy?
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement and posture disorders caused by injury to or differences in the developing brain. It can happen before, during, or shortly after birth. CP is non-progressive, meaning the brain injury does not get worse, although its effects on the body can change as a child grows.
CP affects muscle tone, coordination, and control. Some people also have epilepsy, vision or hearing differences, feeding difficulties, or learning differences. Over time, tight muscles can lead to secondary problems like joint contractures, so ongoing therapy plays an important role.
Types of cerebral palsy
- Spastic
- Stiff, tight muscles and exaggerated reflexes. The most common type.
- Dyskinetic
- Involuntary movements that can be slow and writhing or quick and jerky.
- Ataxic
- Problems with balance, coordination, and depth perception.
- Mixed
- A combination of more than one type.
Common signs and challenges
- Delays sitting, crawling, standing, or walking
- Stiff or floppy muscles
- Limited range of motion
- Difficulty with balance
- Speech that is hard to understand
- Chewing, swallowing, or drooling challenges
- Difficulty with hand use
- Tiring quickly during activity
How therapy may help
Every plan starts with an evaluation. Which disciplines are involved depends on your goals and what the evaluation shows.
Specialized approaches
What to expect at Empowerize
Your therapist works one-on-one with you or your child to build a customized treatment plan. We collaborate with your referring physician and give regular updates on your plan of care. Families and caregivers are included in goal setting and home strategies.
Questions families ask about cerebral palsy
At what age should a child with CP start therapy?
As early as possible. Early therapy takes advantage of the brain's ability to adapt in the first years of life. We also treat older children, teens, and adults with CP.
What is an intensive therapy program?
An intensive is a block of frequent, longer sessions over a few weeks, focused on specific goals. It may benefit some children with CP. We can help you decide if it is a good fit.
Does cerebral palsy get worse over time?
The brain injury itself does not progress, but muscle tightness and joint changes can increase with growth. Ongoing therapy helps maintain movement and comfort.

